Chronic Diseases & Special Conditions
Cushing's Syndrome in Dogs: Diet Alongside Treatment
Excessive drinking, eating, a pot-bellied abdomen, and hair loss: the typical picture of Cushing's. We show you what diet supports treatment.
When to see a vet IMMEDIATELY
- •Blood in stool or vomit
- •Lethargy, not drinking, or not eating for 24+ hours
- •Repeated vomiting, especially if water won't stay down
- •Swollen or painful abdomen, whimpering
- •Diarrhea lasting more than 3 days, or worsening symptoms
This article is informational and does not replace veterinary examination.
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Cushing's Syndrome in Dogs: Diet Alongside Treatment
In Cushing's syndrome (hyperadrenocorticism), the body continuously produces too much cortisol. Cortisol breaks down muscle, builds fat on the torso, and disrupts sugar and fat metabolism. Diet does not treat the underlying disease, but it significantly influences body composition and secondary problems.
The Typical Picture
- Excessive drinking and urination (the most common first sign)
- Almost ravenous appetite
- Pot-bellied, sagging abdomen, while legs become thin
- Symmetrical hair loss, thinning skin
- Panting, fatigue
- Recurrent urinary tract infections
It most often occurs in dogs over 8 years old, in small breeds (poodle, dachshund, Yorkshire, beagle, Boston terrier).
Diagnosis and Treatment are Veterinary
An ACTH stimulation or dexamethasone suppression test is required. Treatment is usually trilostane. Long-term use of cortisone medications can also cause "iatrogenic" Cushing's, in which case discontinuation must be gradual and under veterinary supervision.
The 5 Principles of Diet
1. High, Good Quality Protein
Cortisol breaks down muscle. Therefore, here we do not decrease, but increase: 25–30% protein on a dry matter basis, from identifiable animal sources. This is the most important dietary point.
2. Moderate, Controlled Fat
Cushing's often involves high blood fat levels and a risk of pancreatitis. Fat: 10–14%, avoid fatty treats and human food scraps.
3. Complex Carbohydrates, Stable Blood Sugar
Cortisol causes insulin resistance, which can turn into diabetes. Avoid sugary, fast-absorbing treats, provide food rich in fiber and complex carbohydrates, in 2 fixed portions daily.
4. Controlled Portions Despite Ravenous Appetite
The dog is "always hungry," but this is a symptom of the disease, not a true need. Portion with a scale, and increase the feeling of fullness with fiber (pumpkin, psyllium), not with larger portions.
5. Water: Always Available, Without Restriction
Excessive drinking is a consequence, not a fault. Never restrict water: it leads to dehydration. Instead, provide more frequent outdoor access.
Sodium and Other Details
- Moderate sodium: cortisol causes water retention, salted foods worsen blood pressure
- Omega-3: for skin and blood fat levels
- Antioxidants (Vitamins E, C): to support skin and the immune system
When to See a Vet Immediately
- Sudden weakness, vomiting, loss of appetite during treatment (may be a sign of overdose, Addisonian crisis)
- If excessive drinking is accompanied by weight loss and bad breath (may turn into diabetes, see: Diet for Diabetic Dogs)
This information is for informational purposes only and does not replace a veterinary examination.
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Enter weight and activity level — 10 seconds and you get the daily portion.
This is general information and does not replace a veterinary diagnosis.
This guide was compiled based on the expert input of Reka Fazekas-Birizdo canine nutritionist.
Certified Canine Nutritionist